ms estonia diving bodies

The wreck lies in soft mud at a depth of between 60-80 meters. He is entering Cabin 6129 on Deck 6. Of the 989 people on board, only 137 survived. Boesten, E. (2006): The M/S Estonia Disaster and the Treatment of Human Remains. [JAIC 5] The bow visor and ramp had been torn off at points that would not trigger an "open" or "unlatched" warning on the bridge, as is the case in normal operation or failure of the latches. About 650 people were still inside the ship when it sank. Survivors and relatives of those killed have fought for more than two decades for a fuller investigation, with some claiming that the opening of the bow visor would not have caused the vessel to sink as quickly as it did. [9] Also in 1990 Effoa, Johnson Line and Rederi Ab Sally merged into EffJohn. The wreck was examined and videotaped by remotely operated underwater vehicles and by divers from a Norwegian company, Rockwater A/S, contracted for the investigation work. A total of 852 people drowned when the passenger and car ferry sank in Finnish waters in the early hours of 28 September 1994 while en route from Tallinn to Stockholm, in Europe’s worst peacetime shipping disaster. The JAIC cited results from Germany's Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, which found that Jutta Rabe's samples did not prove an explosion occurred. This is a modal window. [19] The first metallic bang was believed to have been the sound of the visor's lower locking mechanism failing, and subsequent noises were the visor 'flapping' against the hull as the other locks failed, before tearing free and exposing the bow ramp. Demands were also made that the entire ship be raised so that the cause of the disaster could be discovered by detailed inspection. On 29 June 1980, Viking Sally was delivered to Rederi Ab Sally, Finland and was put into service on the route between Turku, Mariehamn and Stockholm[5][6] (during summer 1982 on the Naantali–Mariehamn–Kapellskär route). The actual ownership of the ship was rather complex, in order for Nordström & Thulin to get a loan to buy the ship. After that, the voice of third mate Andres Tammes took over on Estonia and the conversation shifted to Finnish. She was carrying 989 people: 803 passengers and 186 crew. Painting of the sinking. They opposed a refloating of the ship, in part because of the cost and logistics of raising the vast number of bodies trapped in the hull. 2.1 The Distress Communication", HELCOM reports a noticeable drop in shipping accidents in the Baltic, Directorate-General for Transport and Energy (European Commission), "The Revised SOLAS Regulations for Ro-Ro Ferries", "Passenger information required on all passenger ships from 1 January 1999", Simplified Voyage Data Recorders -Why choose float free, Liferaft Systems Australia: Maib Interim Safety Recommendation on The Use of Vertical Chute Type Marine Evacuation Systems, "Death in the Baltic: the MI6 connection", "Finnish Estonia Commission members still reject explosion theories", "Utredningen om transport av försvarsmateriel på M/S Estonia", "Riigikogu Committee of Investigation to Ascertain the Circumstances Related to the Export of Military Equipment from the Territory of the Republic of Estonia on the Ferry Estonia in 1994 – Final Report", "Documentary: MS Estonia has a large hole in the hull", "Head of MS Estonia investigation: Estonia sank on collision with submarine", "Estonian tuho lietsoi salaliittoteorioita", "Justitieutskottets betänkande 1994/95: JuU23 Gravfrid över m/s Estonia", "Agreement between the Republic of Estonia, the Republic of Finland and the Kingdom of Sweden regarding the M/S Estonia", "Sjöfartsverket höll tyst om stoppade Estonia-dykare", "Built From Disaster Season 1 Episode 2: Ships", "Chapter 5.4 – Meteorological conditions", "Condition Survey of the Vessel "Estonia" for the Swedish National Maritime Administration. [5][6], As the largest Estonian-owned ship of the time, the Estonia symbolized the independence that Estonia regained after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Paul Barney was on board the MS Estonia when it capsized and sank in the Baltic Sea in 1994 Credit: Hyde News & Pictures Ltd 14 The official story … Citing the practical difficulties and the moral implications of raising decaying bodies from the sea floor (the majority of the bodies were never recovered), and fearing the financial burden of lifting the entire hull to the surface and the salvage operation, the Swedish government suggested burying the whole ship in situ with a shell of concrete. [5][6] The reason for this was that Silja's new ship for Helsinki–Stockholm service was built behind schedule and one of the Turku–Stockholm ships, Wellamo, was transferred to that route until the new ship was complete in November 1990. On September 28, 1994, a passenger ferry called the MS Estonia sank in the Baltic Sea, en route from Tallinn, Estonia to Stockholm, Sweden. This video was done not long after the disaster so the cabin is checked for bodies first, 852 people died and many bodies … The British government signed a treaty in 1995 making it illegal for anyone to dive down to the wreckage. The bodies of these voyagers still lie within the vessel, completely decomposed, as the MS Estonia serves as an unorthodox crematorium. Short video clips showing the outside of the sunken Estonia were released during the investigation, but most of the 80 hours of tape had been classified. At least twice, the Swedish Navy has discovered diving operations at the wreck. 852 people were cla… The first sign of trouble aboard Estonia was when a metallic bang was heard, caused by a heavy wave hitting the bow doors around 01:00, when the ship was on the outskirts of the Turku archipelago, but an inspection—limited to checking the indicator lights for the ramp and visor—showed no problems. Diagram of the visor that failed. The MS Estonia consisted of 11 decks, counting from the lowest (0) to the highest (10). As a result, documentary director Henrik Evertsson and another crew member were arrested following their examination of the site last September, and face up to two years’ imprisonment in Sweden for violating the sanctity of the gravesite. The vessel's rapid list and the flooding prevented many people in the cabins from ascending to the boat deck, as water not only flooded the vessel via the car deck, but also through windows in cabins as well as the massive windows along deck 6. Liskeard: Exposure. [JAIC 2] The commission estimated that up to 310 passengers reached the outer decks, 160 of whom boarded the life-rafts or lifeboats.[17]. Trying to find it.-There were around 500 Swede bodies in the wreck but Swedish goverment instantly denied the retrival and all 3 involved countries did no attempt to get the bodies. In the aftermath of the disaster, many relatives of the deceased demanded that their loved ones be raised from international waters and given a land burial. This video was done not long after the disaster so the cabin is checked for bodies first, 852 people died and many bodies would still be inside the ship. (Supplement No. No bodies are visible, although three of them were there and the same diver found one inside the bridge. Divers have found 125 bodies in the restaurants and bars, and about 600 are still in their cabins; whole families are buried down there. The bodies of these voyagers still lie within the vessel, completely decomposed, as the MS Estonia serves as an unorthodox crematorium.The disaster claimed 852 lives. These include a collision with another vessel, either a military ship or a submarine, as well as theories that organised crime gangs were involved or that an explosion went off on the ship. The video: The dive investigation team infiltrating into passenger cabin room number 6129, deck 6 the MS Estonia. An international agreement declared the wreck a grave site in 1995 and banned diving there. The Baltic is one of the world's busiest shipping areas, with 2,000 vessels at sea at any time, and these plans assumed the ship's own boats and nearby ferries would provide immediate help and that helicopters could be airborne after an hour. Passenger facilities were located on decks 6, 5, 4, 1, while the crew members occupied the decks 9 and 7. Many of the twentieth century's worst disasters occurred during wartime as a result of military action. As with many ships, Viking Sally suffered some mishaps during her Viking Line service, being grounded in the Åland Archipelago in May 1984 and suffering some propeller problems in April of the following year. [15] Tammes was able to provide some details about their situation but, due to a loss of power, he could not give their position, which delayed rescue operations somewhat. One of the victims of the sinking was the Estonian singer Urmas Alender. No victims were found on the seabed surrounding the wreck or on the external areas of the wreck during the diving survey. [31] Even an early offer by a Norwegian diving company to retrieve the bodies at cost was rejected. Nordic leaders have announced that they will examine evidence from a new television documentary that could shatter the official explanation of how 852 people died in a 1994 ferry sinking in the Baltic Sea. Authorities believe 996 people were aboard the Estonia when it sank on a voyage from Tallinn, Estonia, to Stockholm. The bodies of these voyagers still lie within the vessel, completely decomposed, as the MS Estonia serves as an unorthodox crematorium.The disaster claimed 852 lives. 503)", "Chapter 13.5 – Failure sequence of bow visor and ramp", "Figure 3.4 Approximate field of vision from the bridge. Recommendations for modifications to be applied to similar ships included separation of the condition sensors from the latch and hinge mechanisms. In the early hours of 28th September 1994, the MS Estonia, a car, and passenger ferry, en route from Tallinn to Stockholm, sank in the Baltic Sea off Finland’s coast. (ed. The ship M/S Estonia was en route from Tallinn to Stockholm when a storm ripped off the bow door. The radio operator on Silja Europa, chief mate Teijo Seppelin, replied in English: "Estonia, are you calling mayday?" MS Estonia, sank 1994 baltic sea 852 people died. Sweden, Finland and Estonia to jointly assess new information on 1994 sinking of MS Estonia. Numerous theories about the cause of the sinking have circulated for years, none of them proven as of yet. The Sinking of MS Estonia: Still Doubts Over Official Story 24 Years After the Biggest Maritime Disaster in Europe Since World War II. As a result, the ship was actually registered in both Cyprus and Estonia. MS Isabella saved 16 survivors with its rescue slide. The following spring Silja Star began her service with Wasa Line, another company owned by EffJohn. This prompted the Estonian prime minister and foreign minister to meet with their Swedish and Finnish equivalents and announce that a "new technical investigation" would take place. Divers have found 125 bodies in the restaurants and bars, and about 600 are still in their cabins; whole families are buried down there. This page was last edited on 7 January 2021, at 11:49. The windows gave way to the powerful waves as the ship listed and the sea reached the upper decks. Survivors described hearing a loud bang and Reintamm said he saw a large white object in the water next to the ferry, testimony that experts interviewed in the programme said had not been taken into account before now. At about 01:20, a quiet female voice called "Häire, häire, laeval on häire", Estonian for "Alarm, alarm, there is alarm on the ship", over the public address system, which was followed immediately by an internal alarm for the crew, then one minute later by the general lifeboat alarm. [5], Meyer Werft had constructed a large number of ships for various Viking Line partner companies during the 1970s. [29][30], On 28 September 2020 a Swedish documentary was released which used underwater equipment to film the wreck. This investigation found a 4-metre hole in the ship's hull. The former took survivors to shore, while the latter—Finnish border guard helicopters Super Puma OH-HVG and Agusta Bell 412 OH-HVD—chose the riskier option of landing on the ferries. Life-raft from the MS Estonia. [13] At about 01:15, the visor separated and the ship's bow door opened. She was painted in Silja Line's colours, renamed Silja Star and placed on the same route that she had plied for Viking Line: Turku–Mariehamn–Stockholm. Of the 989 on board, 138 were rescued, one of whom died later in hospital. [22] Estonia's distress beacons or EPIRBs required manual activation, which did not happen. Instead of retrieving the bodies, the government of Sweden hired a Dutch marine salvage firm, Smit Tak BV, that specializes in neutralizing underwater nuclear waste, spending $350 million in a failed attempt to cover the ship in concrete. The sinking of the MS Estonia was the largest maritime disaster to happen in the Baltic Seas during peacetime and the second-largest European maritime disaster in peacetime, with only the Titanic holding a higher death-toll. Only 94 bodies were recovered of the 852 who lost their lives. Authorities believe 996 people were aboard the Estonia when it sank on a voyage from Tallinn, Estonia, to Stockholm. Rederi Ab Sally had been experiencing financial difficulties for most of the 1980s. In a joint statement on Monday, Estonian, Swedish and Finnish foreign ministers announced they would “assess the new information”. On the night of September 27-28, 1994, the ferry MS Estonia, carrying 989 passengers between Tallinn and Stockholm, sank in the Baltic Sea, hit by hard weather and winds measuring 9 on the Beaufort scale, which caused enormous waves. Most died by drowning and hypothermia, as the water temperature was 10–11 °C/50–52 °F. The sinking of the ferry vessel MS Estonia in the Baltic Sea is an accident that will haunt the maritime domain for long years and even beyond. [26] Members of the Joint Accident Investigation Commission denied these claims, saying that the damage seen on the debris occurred during the visor's detachment from the vessel. ): CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, List of accidents and disasters by death toll, "Estonia shipwreck investigator and nautical linguist Captain Uno Laur dies", "Simplon Postcards: Viking Sally – Wasa King – Silja Star – Estonia", "Final report on the MV ESTONIA disaster of 28 September 1994", "Estonia final report. Mariella winched open liferafts into the sea onto which 13 people on Estonia's rafts successfully transferred, and reported the location of other rafts to Swedish and Finnish rescue helicopters, the first of which arrived at 03:05. Map showing where divers observed bodies. Citing the practical difficulties and the moral implications of raising decaying bodies from the sea floor (the majority of the bodies were never recovered), and fearing the financial burden of lifting the entire hull to the surface an… The Joint Accident Investigation Commission. Plans of the decks 0 to 5, as the tank deck. Sweden aims to allow probe into deadly 1994 Estonia ferry disaster It was the worst peacetime disaster at sea in European waters. In 1997, investigators concluded the disaster was caused by the bow door of the ship being wrenched open in heavy seas, allowing water to gush into the car deck. The same effect caused the capsizing of MS Herald of Free Enterprise seven years earlier. [JAIC 1]. The makers of the five-part documentary series, which was released for streaming on Monday, claimed to have found a hitherto unrecorded four-metre hole in the hull of the MS Estonia. [2][3] It is one of the deadliest peacetime sinkings of a European ship, after the RMS Titanic (1912) and the RMS Empress of Ireland (1914), and the deadliest peacetime shipwreck to have occurred in European waters, with 852 lives lost. [23] New International Maritime Organization (IMO) Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) liferaft regulations for rescue from listing ships in rough water were introduced, though launching such craft, even in training exercises, remains dangerous for the crew. In January 1993, at the same time when EffJohn decided to merge Wasa Line's operations into Silja Line, Wasa King was sold to Nordström & Thulin for use on Estline's Tallinn–Stockholm traffic under the name Estonia. Seven over 55 years of age survived and there were no survivors under age 12. Only 137 people survived, and 94 bodies have been recovered. Sweden wants to lift a diving ban to re-examine why the ship sank. Decks 2 and 3 were dedicated to the respective cargo. The M.S. Survey Report. Estonia directed a call to Silja Europa and only after making contact with her did the radio operator utter the word "Mayday". German journalist Jutta Rabe and the left-wing magazine New Statesman claim that laboratory tests on debris recovered illegally from Estonia's bow yielded trace evidence of a deliberate explosion, which they allege was concealed by the Swedish, British, and Russian governments to cover up an intelligence operation smuggling military hardware via the civilian ferry. no proof, it was stated some one red this info about man and a suitcase cuffed to him from the dive report by Rockwater. Cooperating with colleague Inge Pitsner, Einar Ellermaa has come out with «People of Estonia», a book looking back to Baltic Sea’s severest shipwreck in times of peace 20 years ago, and recounting the stories of those that were saved – as well as the pain of people who lost loved ones. An identical bow construction had also been used in Diana II. [5], Originally the ship was conceived as a sister ship to Diana II, built in 1979 by the same shipyard for Rederi AB Slite, the third partner in Viking Line. Still missing are 757 persons. Recent explorations of the wreck site has found the "MS Estonia" lying on the side 240 feet down. When the ferry MS Herald of Free Enterprise sank in the English Channel in 1987, it was refloated and the bodies removed. (June 2009) "Failure Analysis of the Estonia.". The wreck's location is monitored by radar by the Finnish Navy.[38]. [13] A mayday was communicated by the ship's crew at 01:22, but did not follow international formats. Some minutes later, power returned (or somebody on the bridge managed to lower himself to the starboard side of the bridge to check the marine GPS, which will display the ship's position even in blackout conditions), and the Estonia was able to radio its position to Silja Europa and Mariella. All scheduled passenger ferries were at sea. A tragic accident, due to a combination of factors, including uneven loading of cargo, rough seas and ill advised behaviour (turning too fast) by the ship's captain. THE DIVING INVESTIGATION 01.-04.12.94 . When Sally took over the construction contract, the ship was lengthened from the original length of approximately 137 metres (449 ft) to approximately 155 metres (509 ft) and the superstructure of the ship was largely redesigned. [JAIC 8], In 1999, special training requirements in crowd and crisis management and human behaviour were extended to crew on all passenger ships, and amendments were made to watch-keeping standards. In late 1987, Effoa and Johnson Line, the owners of Viking Line's main rivals Silja Line, bought Sally. The ship's 1994 sinking, in the Baltic Sea between Sweden, Åland, Finland and Estonia, was one of the worst maritime disasters of the 20th century. The pilot of OH-HVG stated that landing on the ferries was the most difficult part of the whole rescue operation; despite that, this single helicopter rescued 44 people, more than all the ferries. Just after midnight, in the first hour of September 28th, 1994, the passenger ferry MS Estonia sank in the Baltic Sea. Caused by myriad reasons, this Baltic Sea accident was an event so unprecedented that the extent of the damages caused, both to life and to property, is still shocking even after almost 15 years since the disaster occurred. New York: ASJA Press. No victims were found on the seabed surrounding the wreck or on the external areas of the wreck during the diving survey. [14] Esa Mäkelä, the captain of Silja Europa who was appointed on-scene commander for the subsequent rescue effort, described the weather as "normally bad", or like a typical autumn storm in the Baltic Sea. The makers of the Discovery Networks documentary Estonia: The Find That Changes Everything discovered the hole when they explored the wreckage with a remote-controlled submarine. The accident claimed 852 lives. A mayday call was released shortly after midnight, but when the rescue mission commenced, it was only possible to save 137 lives. However, not all shipwrecks are as easy to explain. This contributed to the rapid sinking. [JAIC 7] The bow visor was under-designed, as manufacturing and approval process did not consider the visor and its attachments as critical items regarding ship safety. The sinking of the Estonia has been the subject of a number of documentaries in addition to the feature film Baltic Storm, including: It was also mentioned in the Swedish film Force Majeure.[2]. [8] As a result of this, SF Line and Rederi AB Slite forced Sally to withdraw from Viking Line. [2] Ships rescued 34 and helicopters 104; the ferries played a much smaller part than the planners had intended because it was too dangerous to launch their man-overboard (MOB) boats or lifeboats. In 1987, another murder and attempted murder took place. This is the worst disaster in the history of … [32], In the aftermath of the disaster, many relatives of the deceased demanded that their loved ones be raised from international waters and given a land burial. The ship immediately took on a heavy starboard list (initially around 15 degrees, but by 01:30, the ship had rolled 60 degrees and by 01:50 the list was 90 degrees) as water flooded into the vehicle deck. Search and rescue followed arrangements set up under the 1979 International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue (the SAR Convention), and the nearest Maritime Rescue Co-ordination Centre MRCC Turku coordinated the effort in accordance with Finland's plans. He is entering Cabin 6129 on Deck 6. Sweden, Finland and Estonia to jointly assess new information on 1994 sinking of MS Estonia, First published on Mon 28 Sep 2020 11.24 EDT. The MS Estonia was a ferry which sank in the Baltic Sea on 28 September 1994, while en route from Tallinn, Estonia, to Stockholm, Sweden, claiming over 850 lives. Limburg, Peter R. (2005), "Deep-Sea Detectives: Maritime Mysteries and Forensic Science". After a decision not to salvage the wreck or the bodies of the victims, the governments of Sweden, Estonia and Finland signed a treaty in 1995, where they agreed to designate the site of the wreck a final resting place and make it illegal for its citizens to disturb the site by diving down to it. Still missing are 757 persons. [4], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}59°23′0″N 21°40′0″E / 59.38333°N 21.66667°E / 59.38333; 21.66667, The ship was originally ordered from Meyer Werft by a Norwegian shipping company led by Parley Augustsen with intended traffic between Norway and Germany. [2] The survivors of the shipwreck were mostly young males with strong constitutions. Wilson, Drew (2006), "The Hole: Another look at the sinking of the Estonia Ferry on September 28th 1994". The bridge was also situated too far back on the ferry for the visor to be seen from there. 852 lives were lost. Two bodies have subsequently been found in the area of the Gulf of Finland, one in the open sea and one on the shorelines of Estonia. Although Nordström & Thulin was the company which bought the ship, her registered owner was Estline Marine Co Ltd, Nicosia, Cyprus, which chartered the ship to E.Liini A/S, Tallinn, Estonia (daughter company of Nordström & Thulin and ESCO), which in turn chartered the ship to Estline AB. Map showing where divers observed bodies (2) Highlight from official report regarding diver's discovery of victims: Estonia previously sailed as Viking Sally (1980–1990), Silja Star (1990–1991), and Wasa King (1991–1993). Diving video 1. Many bodies remain unrecovered in the wreck and exploratory diving was banned at the site under a 1995 agreement signed by the governments of Estonia, Finland and Sweden. Experts told the film-makers that only a massive external force would be strong enough to cause the rupture, raising many questions about what really happened that night. Survivors reported that water flowed down from ceiling panels, stairwells and along corridors from decks that were not yet under water. Until now the countries involved, including Estonia, Sweden and Finland, have proven extremely reluctant to re-examine the causes of the disaster. [28] The Swedish and Estonian governments subsequently launched separate investigations, which both confirmed that non-explosive military equipment was aboard the ship on 14 and 20 September 1994. [2] A storm damaged the car ferry and it sank in minutes – one the worst maritime disasters in Europe. A result of military action 1995 and banned diving there crew at,. Scene of the Estonia when it sank a passenger was murdered on board, 138 were rescued, of! Estonia to jointly assess new information ” voyage Data Recorders '' these voyagers still lie within the,! Connecting Vaasa, Finland and Estonia. `` its rescue slide corridors from decks were! 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