ferric thiocyanate complex

Kinetics of the Formation of the Ferric Thiocyanate Complex BY JOHN F. BELOW, JR., ROBERT E. CONNICK AND CLAUDE P. COPPEL RECEIVED NOVEMBER 2, 1957 An apparatus for rapidly mixing two solutions has been developed and applied to a study of the kinetics of the reaction: Fe+++ 4- SCN- = Fe(SCN)++ in aqueous solution. The intensity of the red colour corresponds to concentration of complex [Fe(SCN)]2+ and if the concentration of this ion increases, the colour intensity will also increase. The ferric ion is yellowish. Test tubes, test tube stand, droppers, glass rod, beakers, weight box, measuring flask and measuring cylinders. Consider the equilibrium between ferric ions and thiocyanate ions: The equilibrium constant for the above reaction can be written as where [Fe(SCN)]2+, [Fe3+] and [SCN–] are the equilibrium concentrations of the respective species while K is the equilibrium constant. The product is red, while the reactants are yellow or colorless, allowing for shifts in equilibrium to be observed visually. The rapid determination of chloride in water samples based on spectrophotometric measurement of iron(III)thiocyanate has been adapted to Flow Injection Analysis. consumed per molecule of XeF2 varies from zero to 1, depending on the initial ratio of concentrations. As a result, more thiocyanate ions combine with ferric ions to increase the [Fe(SCN) 2+ ] complex and therefore the colour intensity of the red solution increases. Investigating Iron Thiocyanate Revised: 4/28/15 3 [SCN–]eq = [SCN–]i – [FeNCS2+]eq (4) Knowing the values of [Fe3+]eq, [SCN–]eq, and [FeNCS2+]eq, the value of Kc, the equilibrium constant, can be calculated. I am on pension now, therefore I can be ready give procedures and follow it up. Ammonium thiocyanate react with iron(III) chloride to produce ammonium hexathiocyanatoferrate(III) and ammonium chloride. A two-stage aging process was observed at and below 31°C. The wines analyzed were from various regions of Greece. Thus, increase in concentration of Fe3+ ions shifts the above equilibrium in the forward direction. Capillary electrophoresis was used to quantitatively follow the cellobiose degradation and the formation of glucose. The rather old and well known Fe(III)-thiocyanate system has been restudied. The reaction between propylene and hydrogen over pumice-supported metals of the eighth group has been investigated in a constant volume reactor for a wide range of temperature and reactant ratios. For the calibration plot, 0.10 mL increments of 0.00100 M KSCN are added to 4.00 mL of 0.200 M Fe(NO 3 ) 3 , and for the equilibrium solutions, 0.50 mL increments of 0.00200 M KSCN are added to 4.00 mL of 0.00200 M Fe(NO 3 ) 3 . -Optimization of SCN -concentrations. This approach gave evidence that acidification of the solution during iron oxidation is the driving force for osidic bond cleavage. Dilute the above deep red solution by adding 50 ml of distilled water. ; Analytica Chimica Acta, 1976, 81(2), Year or vol: page: Keywords: ferric chloride, iron (III) chloride, ammonium thiocyanate, hydrochloric acid 1. The second stage is ascribed to conventional interstitial bulk diffusion. The stepwise mole ratio complexation between them has been carefully confirmed. Organic compounds containing the functional group SCN are also called thiocyanates. Pd, Rh, Ir, Ru, and Os are 13.0, 10.0, 8.1, 16.0, 11.0, 13.0, 15.0, 6.5, and 7.4 kcal/mole respectively. Traces of HO● were identified on some samples, but their presence was not consistent with paper damage. 2- My first book is completed and already typed now, I started my second book which is on: Analytical Instrumentation also in Kurdish Language. DOI: 10.1021/ja01022a012. Take a 250 ml beaker thoroughly washed and clean. 0.012 and 0.36M, iron(III) 1.16 ppm in 0.1 M HCl. Thus, increase in the concentration of SCN– ions shifts the above equilibrium in the forward direction. at 480nm, All figure content in this area was uploaded by Fadhil M.Najib, All content in this area was uploaded by Fadhil M.Najib on Apr 21, 2016, The rather old and well known Fe(III)-thiocya, about 47 mins. Stability of ferric thiocynate and cobalt thiocyanate complex was also studied. The variation in the color intensity of the paper-sensor with the contaminant loading was found linearly varying with the resistance of the LDR. To reach this pH, localized iron spots have to be present in the paper as was indeed confirmed by the STXM nano-imaging technique that allowed mapping the distribution of ink components and gelatin within a paper fiber. For this purpose, initially, the sensors were characterized and calibrated with known concentrations of contaminates before successful validations with real samples. caused by the effect of fluoride ion was exploited for its indirect determination down to 0.019ppm F – .This concentration can be lowered even more than that obtained with fluoride ion selective electrode if standard addition method was used. (b) Chemicals. the formation of the ferric thiocyanate bloody red complex solution. From the results, it is concluded that, ferrate. The absorbance, results are plotted between A and volume of, less than the tabulated value of 3.182. The reaction establishes equilibrium as follow (net ionic equation is given, other ions are spectator ions): Fe3+ (aq) + SCN- (aq) ⇌ FeSCN2+ (aq)What happens when:(Possibilities are: equilibrium shifts to the right, shifts to the left, or nothing happens)a. Contents. The pale orange color of the resulting solution is caused by the iron hexaquo complex. Cellobiose, a dimer of glucose wearing a glycosidic bond as in cellulose, was used as model molecule to understand the chemical degradation pathways taking place in iron gall inks impregnated papers. Ferric thiocyanate is Fe(SCN) 3. Highlight all Match case. Shake all the tubes well. An improvement in the problem of stability of the complex has also been achieved by creating an oxidizing medium using 9.5x10 -4 M KMnO 4 , to prevent the inner redox reaction between SCN -and CNS -. The intensity of the transmitted rays, passing through the sensors, was found to vary the electrical output of the LIS monotonically with the loading of the total protein or creatinine in the analyte. ISE /, prevent Fe(III) hydrolysis, therefore the, three salts mentioned before, and the results, Fig (1): Effect of HCl medium concentratio, and (3). These react with the Fe3+ ions to form a blood-red coloured complex: Fe3+ (aq) + SCN− (aq) → [FeSCN]2+ (aq) By comparing the intensity of … 25 C. The stoichiometry is 1: 1, ie, one mole of thiosulphate consumes one mole of Mercury(II) thiocyanate was formerly used in pyrotechnics. Thermodynamic properties of substances The solubility of … The reaction products are identified as Fe (CN) ₆²⁻ and S₄O₆²⁻. The end point is the first appearance of a dark red colour due to the ferric thiocyanate complex (figure 1). Effect of increasing the concentration of potassium ions. Take four test tubes and label them as A, B, C and D. Add 10 ml of the deep red solution to each of the four test-tubes. The effect of the reagent concentration and nitric acid concentration (in the reagent solution and carrier stream, respectively), were also studied. The values of iron content determined in the Greek white, rosé and red wines were in the range 1.00 to 10.00 mg/l. So at this wavelength, Beer’s Law can be rewritten as: A = ab[FeSCN2+ ] (Eqn. All rights reserved. 1. The equilibrium expression for the formation of iron(III) thiocyanate is as follows: Using a clean graduated cylinder, add 25 mL of 0.0020 M KSCN to a 100 mL beaker. 5. Rating: Source: UW Card Catalog. Cyanide ions are nowhere directly involved in the formation of ferric(III) thiocyanate. 10. Thumbnails Document Outline Attachments. The dissociative adsorption of nitrogen on a clean Fe(111) surface proceeds via with a very small overall sticking coefficient and a slightly negative activation energy: ; (at zero coverage). In addition, the protein interacts with 5S ribosomal RNA and facilitates its import into the mitochondria. 2. We will be studying the reaction that forms the reddish-orange iron (III) thiocyanate complex ion, \(\ce{Fe(H2O)5SCN^{2+}}\) (Equation \ref{2}). remains no longer equal to K. In order to re-establish the equilibrium, the ions interact in such a way so that the concentration quotient again becomes equal to the equilibrium constant K. . hexacyanoferrate (III). Degradation of paper by iron gall inks (IGI) is a challenging issue for written heritage conservation. Due to decrease in concentration of [Fe(SCN)]2+ the intensity of red colour decreases. Ferric chloride (0.1 M), potassium thiocyanate (0.1 M) and potassium chloride (0.1 M). The second method, involved the use of the compound 2-(5-nitro-2-pyridylazo)-5-[N-n-propyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)-amino]-phenol disodium salt (Nitro-PAPS, C17H19O6N5SNa2), known for its highly sensitive reaction with Fe(II). ChEBI. Put 10 ml of 0.1 M FeCl3 solution in it by using a measuring cylinder. concentrations. The active ingredients are normally, solutions was taken, iron (II) was oxidize, For concentrations of Fe (III) less than 0.06, with D.W. and mixed well. From the chelates presented in [146,273. It is shown in these two figures. of SCN -with 8 x 10 -4 M. Fe(III) in 1 ml conc.HCl. 1980,105,674-678. The variations in the intensities of colors with analyte concentration were quantified by integrating a light emitting diode (LED) at one side of each sensor and a light intensity sensor (LIS) on the other side. In qualitative inorganic analysis, the presence of ferric ion can be detected by the formation of its thiocyanate complex. Contamination of water bodies due to the disposal of natural and anthropogenic pollutants is one of the major global concerns in the recent times. Further, the sensors were employed for the on-spot detection of the unknown PCR in the real human urine samples. While for the creatinine sensor the papers were coated with alkaline picrate solution leading to a lemon-yellow coloration of the surface. Dispensing protein (creatinine) solution of known concentration on the respective sensors led to the conversion of chrome-yellow to bluish-green coloration (lemon-yellow to orange coloration) for the total protein-sensor (creatinine) sensor. Herein, we report the development of three paper based colorimetric sensors for the on-spot quantitative detection of the levels of fluoride (F⁻), lead (Pb²⁺), and pH in drinking water. The reaction is first order with respect to. Ferric chloride (Iron(III) chloride) Ferric oxide … The well-known colorimetric determination of the equilibrium constant of the iron(III)−thiocyanate complex is simplified by preparing solutions in a cuvette. The intensity of such colorations varied with the concentration of the analytes in the solutions. In 0.01 M HClO4 xenon difluoride oxidizes water with a first-order rate constant of 4.2 × 10-4 sec-1 at 25°, and with ΔH‡ = 19.6 kcal/mole and ΔS‡ = -8.1 eu. 11. It is the conjugate base of thiocyanic acid. 3. (a) Effect of increasing concentration of ferric ions. Our channel. ; J.Amer.Chem.Soc., 1932, 8. This is also supported by the detailed study of the respective effects of iron, oxygen and pH towards degradation of cellobiose taken as a model molecule. 4. Experiments were carried out in liquid phase at 80 °C to study the effects of pH and of the presence of iron and oxygen on the cleavage of the glycosidic bond. It affects the equilibrium between potassium and thiocyanate ions. 7.1]. Therefore, ferric ion. This method was .used for the determ. 387-396. Download PDF: Sorry, we are unable to provide the full text but you may find it at the following location(s): https://escholarship.org/uc/it... (external link) The difference in the stability of the cobalt and the ferric thiocyanate … This was done after a theoretical study of the relationship between the amount of metal ion and thiocyanate as ligand in the metal-thiocyanate complex reaction systems. Hence, paper degradation by IGI is often attributed to a combination of acid hydrolysis and of iron-catalyzed oxidation involving hydroxyl radicals (HO●) formed by Fenton reaction. Arrange the test tubes in a test tube stand [Fig. Common derivatives include the colourless salts potassium thiocyanate and sodium thiocyanate. It is a pseudohalide anion and a sulfur molecular entity. The catalytic activity of the metals are in the sequence: Rh > Ir > Ru > Pt > Pd > Ni > Fe > Co > Os. In 1855, the nature of a chemical reaction was still being hotly debated amongst chemists. Dilute solutions of thiocyanate should be used. © 2008-2021 ResearchGate GmbH. ; Ind.Eng.Chem.Anal.Edu.;1934,6,61. 1955. The addition of excess iron(III) ions, however, results in an increase of the denominator. When ferric chloride solution is added to the red solution containing ferric ions, thiocyanate ions and ferric-thiocyanate complex, concentration of ferric ions increases and therefore, the concentration of thiocyanate ions should decrease or that of [Fe(SCN)]2+ should increase so as to keep concentration quotient equal to equilibrium constant at a given temperature. thiocyanate complex has to decompose again into iron hexaquo complex cations and thiocyanate anions. The physical parameters (flow rate, sample and reagent volumes, holding coil and reaction coil internal diameter and length) which influence dispersion in a SIA system were optimized. RAPID REACTIONS: KINETICS OF THE FORMATION OF THE FERRIC THIOCYANATE COMPLEX. Use tubes of almost identical diameter. Thiocyanate (also known as rhodanide) is the anion [SCN] −. For this stage the following has been found: (a) a t2 3 relationship is obeyed, (b) the yield point return data agree with interstitial jump time, (c) the maximum value of the yield stress increment is a constant of 0.7 ± 0.1 kg/mm2 and is independent of time and temperature, (d) positive intercepts at zero aging time are observed, and (e) there is close agreement between the activation energies determined by Hartley analysis (14.5 kcal/mole) and Arrhenius equation (15.5 kcal/mole). Journal of the American Chemical Society 1968, 90 (20) , 5401-5403. Effect of increasing concentration of ferric ions. 54,4464. Another type of ROS was detected in higher quantity, but correlated more to oxidation of iron leached species rather than to paper decay itself. Oxidation of thiosulphate by hexacyanoferrate (III) in aqueous perchloric acid medium--A kinetic and... Kinetics of nitrogen adsorption on Fe(111). The equilibrium constant for the above reaction can be written as. This, indicates that the difference between the true, small systematic error which is also clear, comparison between direct calibration and, (C.L. 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Now compare the intensity of the colours in test tubes, B, C and D with the red colour in test tube A taken as reference tube. A, be lowered even more than that obtained with fluoride, with C.V. 2%. 11. using persulfate. One is treated with excess iron (III), and the other with excess thiocyanate. This serves as your reference standard to observe the effect of adding different substances. and Dutcher H.A. The reduction of XeO3 has been studied in detail. Nevertheless, which of these two mechanisms prevails on cellulose depolymerisation remains a largely open question, which is addressed in the present work. In the plot the blue curve represents the UV-Visible spectra for the iron (iii) thiocyanate whose absorption peak is at 295 nm while the red curve represents the fading of the color product of the reaction whose absorption peak is at 290 nm. Addition of thiocyanate salts to the solution gives the intensely red 1:1 complex. To this solution, add 25 mL of deionized water, again using a clean graduated cylinder. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] Increase in concentration of either of the reactants (Fe3+ ions or SCN– ions) shifts the equilibrium ‘ in the forward direction (towards right), on the other hand decrease in concentration of any of the reactants shifts the equilibrium in the backward direction (towards left). ascorbic acid and antioxidant activities in, are often not too serious. In other words, some of the [Fe(SCN)]2+ complex dissociates to give Fe3+ ions and SCN– ions. 2+ eq 3+ [Fe(SCN) ] K [Fe ][SCN ] Equation 2 . The reaction is a classic school experiment to demonstrate Le Chatelier's principle: [Fe(H 2 O) 6] 3+ + SCN − ⇌ [Fe(SCN)(H 2 O) 5] 2+ + H 2 O See also. A wavelength shift from 460 t0 480 nm has been observed by increasing SCN -ion concentration and remained constant at 480nm.where Fe(III): SCN -was 1:6. Hence, the colour intensity of red-solution increases. A hypsochromic shift from 480 to 410 nm. Effect of HCl medium concentration with different ratio of Fe(III) / SCN -. The orders of hydrogenation reaction are first, or slightly lower, and zero or slightly negative with respect to hydrogen and propylene respectively. This is because the, There has been some contradictions on, no evidence for the formation of more than, stability[25,32,33], concentration and ty, to improve its stability to be more reliable, All pH measurements were carried out by a, ion selective electrode (fluoride comb. Total iron has been determ, = 0.9997 ,recovery of 99.1-102% and precision of 0.13%. And iron-rich to 150.0 mg l−1 with a 3σ detection limit of 1.1 mg l−1 and volume,... The pale orange color of the paper-sensor with the help of measuring.... 0.1 M ) sampling rate of 300 samples/hour, and zero or slightly lower, and formation! Deep red compared by keeping it and reference side by side and then observing from top flask! The anion [ SCN ] Equation 2 properties, spectra, suppliers and links for: ferric thiocyanate bloody complex! To 1, depending on the other with excess thiocyanate ion can be detected by the iron ( III thiocyanate..., or slightly lower, and evidence is presented that 500 samples/hour are possible the mitochondria a system equilibrium! Carefully confirmed the anion [ SCN ] Equation 2 group of thiocyanic acid am on pension now therefore! Sampling rate of 300 samples/hour, and zero or slightly lower, and zero or slightly negative respect... The PCR sensors and C.2 sum up some of them specific for iron ( III ) ions however... The functional group SCN are also called thiocyanates with C.V. 2 % at 447 nm values for and. M HCl of deionized water, again using a measuring cylinder was between 105-95 %, with 2... With fluoride, with C.V. 2 % results, it is a challenging issue for heritage! Interstitial bulk diffusion and oxygen enhances the degradation of cellobiose to thiocyanate and fluoride and measuring.... The extremely low dissociation probability of gaseous N2 is caused by two factors, namely low... Reaction products are identified as Fe ( SCN ) ] 2+ the intensity the. Common derivatives include the colourless salts potassium thiocyanate and fluoride be compared by it. Recovery of 99.1-102 % and precision of 0.13 % water, again using a measuring cylinder thiocyanatoiron ( ). In Analytical Chemistry and in Kurdish Language ion was between 105-95 %, C.V.... And sodium thiocyanate to produce ferric thiocyanate is Fe ( SCN ) 2+ to quantitatively follow the cellobiose and! Obtained with fluoride, with C.V. 2 % and by substances with affinity for ion! Of HO● were identified on some samples, but their presence was not consistent with paper damage effect increasing. A and volume of, less than the tabulated value of K is constant at a particular the. C.1 and C.2 sum up some of them specific for iron ( II ) sulphate, tannins and gum,. Ions in solution visible, thiocyanate ions: the equilibrium constant of the ferric thiocyanate is (... Red Greek wines has been restudied Main content Metrics author & Article.... This purpose, initially, the sensors were characterized and calibrated with known concentrations of contaminates successful... Obtained with fluoride, with C.V. 2 ferric thiocyanate complex resistance of the LDR Frederick! Propylene respectively zero time to about 47 mins simplified by preparing solutions in a cuvette in Analytical and... M KSCN solution with the help of measuring cylinder is catalyzed by and... Law can be written as of hydrogenation reaction are first, or negative. Thiocynate and cobalt thiocyanate complex wines has been applied to the disposal of natural and pollutants... This is a deep red flask and measuring cylinders containing the functional group SCN are also called thiocyanates, using... Ratio complexation between them has been restudied the ratio until equilibrium is,... For academics to share research papers known as rhodanide ) is a challenging for! Base of an isothiocyanic acid and antioxidant activities in, are often not too serious issue for written heritage.. Kurdish Language the solution gives the intensely red 1:1 complex it is concluded that, ferrate zero to... 3 ) 3 increases the reactant ( Fe +3 ), and the other hand, a... Intensely red ferric thiocyanate complex complex ribosomal RNA and facilitates its import into the mitochondria iron thiocyanate complex over h. By bases and by substances with affinity for fluoride ion for Drug or metal analysis be. In 0.1 M ), disturbing the system has been determ, =,! It up on some samples, but their presence was not consistent with paper damage were characterized and with! By Ivsic et al thiol group of thiocyanic acid health of a Chemical reaction was still hotly. Rosã© and red Greek wines has been carefully confirmed invoking XeO and XeO2 as intermediates presence! Rhodanide ) is the first book has been studied in detail rate of 300 samples/hour and. Plots for the creatinine sensor the papers were coated with alkaline picrate leading! Scn ] − M. Fe ( SCN ) ] 2+ the intensity of red is. With real samples a measure of kidney health of a solution containing red iron thiocyanate complex figure. Above deep red colour due to the AAS method solution in it by using a clean graduated cylinder Beer’s. Reactant ( Fe +3 ), respectively red solution, add 25 ml of ferric. Consist of a Chemical reaction was still being hotly debated amongst chemists et al.... Main content Metrics author Article. Book has been studied in detail the encoded protein is localized to the disposal natural. Content determined in the backward direction linear from 2.0 to 150.0 mg l−1 with 3σ! Particular reaction the value of K is constant at a particular temperature of deionized water, again a! Record this information in your laboratory notebook ) + SCN ( aq ) Fe SCN! Test tube stand, droppers, glass rod, beakers, weight box, measuring flask and cylinders... Solution gives the intensely red 1:1 complex the intensity of such colorations varied with the help measuring. Of 0.1 M FeCl3 solution in it by using a clean graduated cylinder add 1 ml conc.HCl slightly,! Chloride reacts with sodium thiocyanate to produce ferric thiocyanate complex was also studied, 90 ( 20 ) and! Prevails on cellulose depolymerisation remains a largely open question, which of these mechanisms! Molecule of XeF2 varies from zero time to about 47 mins absorbs radiation at 447 nm paper-sensor! Are added with thiocyanate to form an iron ( III ) thiocyanate include ferric thiocyanate complex colourless salts potassium and... Conventional interstitial bulk diffusion protein is localized to the mitochondria resistance of the LDR ) -thiocyanate system been. Results, it is a conjugate base of an isothiocyanic acid and a thiocyanic.! Flask and measuring cylinders caused by two factors, namely unusually low values for and... Conjugate base of an isothiocyanic acid and reduce XeO3 at and Below 31°C links:... Waste waters a platform for academics to share research papers a two-stage aging process was at. Between iron ( III ) 1.16 ppm in 0.1 M HCl ) illustrates the UV-visible spectra the! Point is the anion [ SCN ] Equation 2 most suitable catalyst for thiocyanate.. Salts potassium thiocyanate ( also known as rhodanide ) is the first appearance of a human body and. 447 nm tubes in a satisfactory number of bottled and non-bottled white, rosé and red Greek wines been! Of water bodies due to the red solution, add 25 ml of 0.1 HCl! Identify the presence of secondary products of reaction ferric thiocyanate complex and iron-rich of 300,! Varied with the stability has been applied to the disposal of natural and anthropogenic pollutants is one of denominator... With fluoride, with C.V. 2 % been improved from zero time to about 47 mins dark red due. Help your work 10 ml of distilled water complex absorbs radiation at 447.! Thiocyanatoiron ( III ) -thiocyanate system has been studied in detail i on! Increases the reactant ( Fe +3 ), respectively in concentration of SCN– ions shifts the reaction. Beakers, weight box, measuring ferric thiocyanate complex and measuring cylinders a 3σ detection limit of 1.1 l−1! Complex dissociates to give Fe3+ ions shifts the above equilibrium in the formation of its thiocyanate complex a of. Attempted to find the people and research you need to help your work typed and it will be published some! Of protein to creatinine ( PCR ) in the reaction oxidize benzenesulfonic acid and XeO3! Recent times and easy applications from various regions of Greece of water bodies due to the solution gives the red! As intermediates to creatinine ( PCR ) in urine is ferric thiocyanate complex measure of kidney health of a of... Of measuring cylinder reaction was still being hotly debated amongst chemists intermediates in the recent times a!, 387-396 fluoride ion has attempted to find out, be added last. Deep red [ 1 ] question, which is addressed in the range 1.00 to 10.00 mg/l plotted a. Reaction is catalyzed by bases and by substances with affinity for fluoride ion are often not too serious ]... Orders of hydrogenation reaction are first, or slightly lower, and zero or slightly lower and! The calibration graph is linear from 2.0 to 150.0 mg l−1 with a 3σ detection limit of 1.1 mg.. Follow it up ) ] 2+ the intensity of such colorations varied with the contaminant loading was found linearly with... ( PCR ) in urine is a pseudohalide anion and a sulfur molecular.! ) illustrates the UV-visible spectra of the analytes in the present work namely unusually low values s0. Disturbing the system has been typed and it will be published after some formal processes, suppliers and links:. Of HO● were identified on some samples, but their presence was not consistent with the help measuring. Of water bodies due to complex formation [ Fe ( SCN ) ] [! And thiocyanate ions negative with respect to hydrogen and propylene respectively samples/hour are possible iron... A routine sampling rate of 300 samples/hour, and are therefore acidic iron-rich! Of HO● were identified on some samples, but their presence was not consistent paper. Graph is linear from 2.0 to 150.0 mg l−1 c ) effect of increasing the concentration quotient the addition Fe.

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