mediterranean wildlife wikipedia

In 2013, there were 5,752 species and 1,893 subspecies of native and introduced plants, for a total of 6,620 taxa, including 1,278 endemic species and 452 endemic subspecies. The term is also a botanically recognized plant association in the African and Mediterranean literature. Mediterranean Wildlife Faces Extinction May 19th 2017 was world Endangered Species Day. Most precipitation arrives during these months. Phoenician civilization lasted from approximately 1550 to 300 BCE, when the Persians, and later the Greeks, conquered Tyre. The country's tallest mountain, Mount Olympus is further east, and rises to 2,918 m (9,573 ft) above sea level. This category contains marine animals found in the Mediterranean Sea. [2], The Mediterranean woodlands and forests are bounded on the south by the drier Mediterranean dry woodlands and steppe, which occupies the plateaus and mountain ranges bordering the Sahara; and on the north by the Alboran Sea which is the westernmost part of the Mediterranean Sea. The climate is characterised by hot dry summers and humid, cool winters. Greece was connected to western Turkey during the Pliocene era, and the two countries include many identical plants among their flora. Intensive land use has reduced these forests to remnants. [7], With its varied topography and habitats, Greece has a rich bird fauna. While most central and northern European forests are now dominated by only a dozen or so tree s… [2], Greece includes a great diversity of vascular plants among its flora. You will need to be logged in to be able to change category appearance. The biome's ecoregions and flora are placed in sub-categories. The Egyptian wolf (Canis anthus lupaster), Barbary leopard (Panthera pardus pardus), and Barbary macaque (Macaca sylvanus) are endangered, and their range is now limited to small areas. [4], Much of Greece lies within the Aegean and Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests ecoregion. [1] Protected areas include Al Hoceima National Park and Tazekka National Park in Morocco, Chrea National Park, El Kala National Park, Gouraya National Park, and Tlemcen National Park in Algeria, and Bou-Hedma National Park, Chambi National Park, Jebel Chitana-Cap Négro National Park, Jebel Mghilla National Park, Jebel Serj National Park, and Jebel Zaghdoud National Park in Tunisia. It has often been called the incubator of Western civilization. • "Mediterranean woodlands and forests". [3] By June 2018, the number of species had been revised upwards with 6,695 taxa being listed, consisting of 5,828 species and 1,982 subspecies, belonging to 1,073 genera and 185 families. [7] The island of Gyaros is the breeding area for the largest population of the endangered Mediterranean monk seal,[8] and about fifteen species of whales, dolphins and porpoises are reported in Greek waters. Geography. The Shatt al-Arab river delta forms the northwest shoreline. ... supports a great variety of marine wildlife, including marine mammals and sea turtles. The Mediterranean region is the region surrounding the Mediterranean Sea.This includes places from Europe and Africa and Asia.It's usually warm and sunny. The Mediterranean region is the region surrounding the Mediterranean Sea.This includes places from Europe and Africa and Asia.It's usually warm and sunny. [3] The Mediterranean acacia-argania dry woodlands and succulent thickets, which occupy the coastal plain of southern Morocco, bounds the Mediterranean woodlands and forests on the southwest. Eric Dinerstein, David Olson, et al. The Mediterranean Sea. Blondel, Jacques, James Aronson, Jean-Yves Bodiou, Gilles Boeuf (2010), Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub, Mediterranean Acacia-Argania dry woodlands, Mediterranean acacia-argania dry woodlands and succulent thickets, "Northern Africa: Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mediterranean_woodlands_and_forests&oldid=997459384, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 31 December 2020, at 16:30. The climate ranges from Mediterranean through temperate to alpine, and the habitats include mountains, hills, forests, rivers, lakes, coasts and cultivated land. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Extent of Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub is a biome defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature. Terrestrial Ecoregions. [2], This ecoregion is densely settled, and much transformed by agriculture, grazing, fire, and timber cutting and firewood gathering. View birdwatching and wildlife tours in Spain > (2017). Marine Wildlife of the Mediterranean will be your constant companion on your coastal explorations and marine adventures. The wildlife of Greece includes the diverse flora and fauna of Greece, a country in southern Europe. The Mediterranean region (3.1MB) Regional features. It has a long coastline with the Mediterranean Sea and the Aegean Sea, and includes the island of Crete and many smaller islands. The country is mostly mountainous with a very long, convoluted coastline, consisting of peninsulas and many islands. This varied collection of wildlife may be attributed to Spain’s diverse ecosystems. Culture and folklore about gibbons; Culture and folklore about gorillas; Environmental history; World wildlife news; Nature and wildlife apps for iphone; Wildlife calendar. It is a popular vacation spot. The Mediterranean basin covers portions of three continents: Europe, Africa, and Asia. Native carnivores include the striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena) red fox (Vulpes vulpes), common jackal (Canis aureus), caracal (Felis caracal), common genet (Genetta genetta), and Egyptian mongoose (Herpestes ichneumon). A 2017 assessment found that 28,451 km², or 8%, of the ecoregion is in protected areas. The Mediterranean Sea itself is home to wildlife including killer whales, humpback whales, seals, dolphins and white sharks. Whilst the Mediterranean scrub is synonymous with the region, there are many other species-rich habitats here. Mediterranean is a Random Map in Age of Empires: Rise of Rome, Age of Empires II and Age of Mythology. Plants that grow there are short trees and shrubs. About 450 species of bird have been recorded in Greece. LOCATION Because of the biogeographic barriers of the Mediterranean Sea and the Saharan Desert, the mammal faunas of Mediterranean Europe, the Middle East and North Africa are somewhat distinct. These include wild progenitors of domestic taxa, major wild mammalian taxa, birds and fish, and other aquatic animals. The rate of endemism is exceptionally high. The photograph at the top of this page shows summer-dormant Ptilostemon chamaepeuce, a thistle-like Greek native plant growing at MGS Sparoza garden (Photo Rosey Boehm). The large Peloponnese peninsula, in the south of the country, is separated from the rest of the Greek mainland by the Corinthian and Saronic Gulfs, but joined by the Isthmus of Corinth. The Mediterranean is a biodiversity hotspot, home to 17,000 known marine species, with many species still undescribed – and perhaps undiscovered. Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub ecoregions are characterized by hot and dry summers, while winters tend to be cool and moist. Birdwatching in Turkey; Mixed. The deep-water fauna of the Mediterranean has no distinctive characteristics and is … It is also very capricious with sudden heavy rain or bouts of high winds such as the Sirocco and Mistral. Beside the resident bird populations, many migratory species visit the country as they move seasonally between their breeding grounds and their overwintering areas. As to the marine fauna, there are strong affinities and relationships between Mediterranean and Atlantic faunas. They are only active from spring, their presence in the winter of this climate would cause them death, reptiles being cold-blooded animals and amphibians because of their susceptibility to changes in temperature, press… Birds of prey such as vultures and eagles are also found in the region. Before the Greeks and Romans, the Phoenicians ruled the Mediterranean. Animals in folklore. The country is mostly mountainous with a very long, convoluted coastline, consisting of peninsulas and many islands. Cyprus lies in the eastern Mediterranean Sea.It is the third-largest island in the Mediterranean, with an area of 9,251 km². Higher regions of the western and central parts of the country, and the mountainous parts of the Peloponnese, experience an Alpine climate. The photograph at the top of this page shows summer-dormant Ptilostemon chamaepeuce, a thistle-like Greek native plant growing at MGS Sparoza garden (Photo Rosey Boehm). Mediterranean vegetation, any scrubby, dense vegetation composed of broad-leaved evergreen shrubs, bushes, and small trees usually less than 2.5 m (about 8 feet) tall and growing in regions lying between 30° and 40° north and south latitudes. Subspecies of the great spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopos major numidus) and grey shrike (Lanus meridionalis algeriensis) are endemic to the ecoregion and the adjacent Mediterranean conifer and mixed forests. The [5] The Cretan date palm has a very restricted range in southern Greece and Crete, with a few stands in Turkey. It has a varied and contrasting topography. Watching wildlife in August. Although for most of us the wilderness conveys a symbol of far away and exotic places, it is also in Europe where the nature stays as fettered as it had been centuries ago. Map of the Mediterranean woodlands and forests, History, conservation, and current threats. Cyprus rose from the sea in a violent volcanic eruption. The Mediterranean is an outstanding 'hot-spot' of biological diversity. [7], Ungulates found in Greece include the wild boar, the red deer, the fallow deer, the roe deer, the chamois and the endangered Cretan ibex. The five chief plant communities are: Arbutus pavarii is endemic to the Jebel Akhdar in Cyrenaica. Twenty sovereign countries in Southern Europe, the Levant and North Africa regions border the Mediterranean, in addition to two island nations completely located in it (Malta and Cyprus).. They are very useful in the ecosystem, snakes and snakes level or control populations of rats, mice, etc. Within the cyprinid fishes, there is an endemic barbel; the Evia barbel, found only on Evia Island, critically endangered and suffering from increasing droughts and barriers to movement. Other animals that live in the Mediterranean region include sheep, cattle and wild horses as well as rabbits and lynx. They include the raptors golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), black-shouldered kite (Elanus caeruleus), short-toed snake eagle (Circaetus gallicus), booted eagle (Hieratus pennatus), and lesser kestrel (Falco naumanni). [9] The Dadia Forest in the northeast is an important area for birds of prey, where four species of vulture are among the thirty-six diurnal species of raptor that have been recorded. The growing season is short, affecting Mediterranean vegetation, and most trees are cork or conifers. The azure waters of the Mediterranean Sea provide the European dream of a coastal paradise, with millions relying it for their livelihoods, and others flocking to its shores each summer for sunshine, beaches and seafood. The plant communities of the ecoregion are varied, and include forests, woodlands, shrublands, and grasslands. 1 Age of Empires: Rise of Rome 2 Age of Empires II 2.1 Description 2.2 Viable tactics 3 Age of Mythology 4 Gallery This map features a sea in its middle, that supports decent numbers of Fish (including Shore Fish) and Whales. Climate Region Vegetation Vegetation that grows in this area is mostly chaparral and shrubs. The Mediterranean Sea itself is home to wildlife including killer whales, humpback whales, seals, dolphins and white sharks. Lake inhabitants include the endemic Macedonian shad, formerly a fish that was commercially fished. THANKS FOR YOUR ATENTION¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ DEFINITION The mediterranean forest is a forest and scrub biome that develops in regions with a Mediterranean climate, with mild winters, dry summers and springs and autumnswith abundant rainfall, in addition to frequent forest fires to which The Mediterranean High Atlas juniper steppe ecoregion occupies the highest elevations of the High Atlas.[2]. The climate is very varied across the country; snow may still be lying near the peaks in June while the lowlands are experiencing high temperatures. The first complete IUCN Red List assessment of the status of all Mediterranean sharks and rays has revealed that 42% of the species are threatened … The Mediterranean biome is situated in five areas of the world, including California, the Mediterranean basin, southwest Australia, central Chile and the Cape Province of South Africa. This chapter examines the wild fauna in ancient Mediterranean. There are also several species of lampreys, notably three species of lamprey endemic to Greece; the Epirus brook lamprey, Greek brook lamprey and Almopaios brook lamprey. An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm, BioScience, Volume 67, Issue 6, June 2017, Pages 534–545; Supplemental material 2 table S1b. Greece is a country in the Balkan Peninsula of southern European, and lies to the south of Albania, North Macedonia and Bulgaria, and west of Turkey. [10], Birds commonly found in the maquis shrubland include the subalpine and Rüppell's warblers, the cirl, rock and black-headed buntings, and the rock, red-legged and chukar partridges. The Atlas bear (Ursus arctos crowtheri) and Barbary lion (Panthera leo leo) are extinct. It is commonly referred to as the Turkish gecko as represented in its Latin name and also as the moon lizard because it emerges in the evening [citation needed]. English: The Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub terrestrial Biome is located in the Mediterranean climate zones of the Mediterranean Basin and in regions of southwestern Africa, southwest Australia, western North America, and western South America. [2], Two coastal enclaves lie further east along the Mediterranean Sea: one along the southeastern Tunisian shore of the Gulf of Gabes, including the island of Djerba; and the second in the Jebel Akhdar mountains along the shore of the Cyrenaica Peninsula in northeastern Libya. On the other hand, toads, frogs and lizards help acting as biological insecticide for flies, mosquitoes, grasshoppers. As a result, Mediterranean region animal life is quite diverse. Animals that live in the Mediterranean Climate Some animals that live in the Mediterranean Climate are wild goats, sheep, horses, cattle, wild boars, rabbits, eagles and bulls. These regions have a climate similar to that of the Mediterranean area, which is characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. This is characterised by maquis shrubland which includes the evergreen oak and the Greek strawberry tree, as well as the kermes oak, the strawberry tree, green olive, the bay laurel, the cedar, the Spanish broom and others. [6], Larger, carnivorous mammals found in Greece include the European wildcat, the Balkan lynx, the red fox, the golden jackal, the grey wolf, the Eurasian brown bear, the American mink, the least weasel, the European polecat, the marbled polecat, the beech marten, the European pine marten, the European badger, the Eurasian otter and about twenty species of bat. It will help you identify species you encounter while snorkeling or SCUBA diving, and will also be very handy while browsing through the day's catch at the local fish market. Mediterranean Sea, an intercontinental sea that stretches from the Atlantic Ocean on the west to Asia on the east and separates Europe from Africa. The Mediterranean countries are those that surround the Mediterranean Sea. FMIB 42178 Elephant-ear sponge Mediterranean Sea.jpeg 1,160 × 1,751; 434 KB FMIB 46462 Penaeus caramote from the Mediterranean.jpeg 1,023 × 725; 263 KB Histoire d'un petit crustacé (Pl. As Melissa Hamilton reminds us that we gardeners have a unique opportunity to assist our native wildlife to feed and breed. The islands mostly have a Mediterranean climate, with the climate of Crete being particularly influenced by its maritime surroundings and proximity to Africa. In the Mediterranean climate, cactus and other water-storing plants tend to thrive. You can make … Mediterranean conifer and mixed forests is an ecoregion, in the temperate coniferous forest biome, which occupies the high mountain ranges of North Africa. The wildlife of Greece includes the diverse flora and fauna of Greece, a country in southern Europe. Haven’t we all at least once read about the African wilderness, South American rainforests or Asian alpine mountains? Of the deciduous species most common are the ash, the elm, the Montpellier maple, the Judas tree, the terebinth, the smoke tree and others. You will need to be logged in to be able to change category appearance. II) (7176544288).jpg 1,179 × 1,366; 209 KB Flora. The largest mountain group is the Pindus Range which forms the spine of the Greek mainland, with the highest peak rising to 2,637 m (8,652 ft) above sea level. The climate ranges from Mediterranean through temperate to alpine, and the habitats include mountains, hills, forests, rivers, lakes, coasts and cultivated land. Most now have a limited range, and a few are extinct. Wildlife gardening in a mediterranean climate. LOCATION Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub ecoregions are characterized by hot and dry summers, while winters tend to be cool and moist. The biome is generally characterized by dry summers and rainy … Smaller mammals include the North African hedgehog (Atelerix algirus), North African elephant shrew (Elephantulus rozeti), Barbary ground squirrel (Atlantoxerus getulus), and North African gerbil (Gerbillus campestris). Plants that grow there are short trees and shrubs. This chapter provides a description of several species in each subcategory including bison, red deer, brown bear, … It is exceptional not only for this, but also because of its long history of interactions between its human inhabitants and the other fauna and flora of the region. Animal species living in the Mediterranean region include red deer, badgers, common toads, adders and greater flamingos. As Melissa Hamilton reminds us in her article in The Mediterranean Garden No 83, January 2016 which is reprinted below, we gardeners have a unique opportunity to assist our native wildlife to feed and breed. Mainland Greece covers about 80% of the total territory and is largely mountainous. Wildlife of the Mediterranean; Pages. You can make this … Wildlife. At present, there are approximately 224  species of land mammals in the Mediterranean Basin, of which 25 are endemic. The ecoregion extends inland to cover the lower slopes of the Middle Atlas and High Atlas ranges of Morocco, with isolated enclaves along the Saharan Atlas range of Algeria. When the Suez Canal was open in1869 between the Mediterranean and the Red Sea , because The Red Sea is higher, it pours into the Mediterranean and plants and animals from the Red Sea have begun to colonize the Eastern Mediterranean. Mediterranean wildlife and habitats are very specific as the region was not affected by the last Ice Age. The Mediterranean is one of the world's top biodiversity hotspots. The Mediterranean woodlands and forests occupy an area of 357,900 square kilometers (138,200 sq mi) in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, the Spanish plazas de soberanía, and Libya. The Mediterranean Region offers an ever-changing landscape of high mountains, rocky shores, impenetrable scrub, semi-arid steppes, coastal wetlands, sandy beaches and a myriad islands of various shapes and sizes dotted amidst the clear blue sea. [1], Much of the country experiences a Mediterranean climate with warm or hot, dry summers and the rainfall falling in winter. It explains that this category of animals can be divided into several subcategories. The Mediterranean house gecko (Hemidactylus turcicus) is a type of house gecko common to the Mediterranean which has spread to many parts of the world. Large tracts of natural, virtually pristine, forests have remained relatively untouched by man. The Mediterranean woodlands and forests is an ecoregion in the coastal plains, hills, and mountains bordering the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean in North Africa. It is home to several large cities, including Casablanca, Rabat, Tangier, and Fez in Morocco, Algiers and Oran in Algeria, Tunis in Tunisia, and Benghazi in Libya.[2]. [2], The ecoregion has 120 native bird species. The core of Phoenician territory was the city-state of Tyre, in modern-day Lebanon. Wildlife gardening in a mediterranean climate. All wildlife; Mediterranean Flora & Fauna. The Troodos Mountains lie in the southwest of the island, and Mount Olympus (aka Chionistra), Cyprus' highest peak, reaches an elevation of 1,952 m. The lower Kyrenia Mountains (aka Pentadaktylos Mountains) run east and west along the island's northeast coast. As Melissa Hamilton reminds us that we gardeners have a unique opportunity to assist our native wildlife to feed and breed. Other endangered species include Spengler’s Freshwater Mussel (Margaritifera auricularia), El Hierro Giant Lizard (on the Canary Islands) and the Mediterranean Monk Seal. Aegean and Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests, "Vascular plants of Greece: an annotated checklist", "Southeastern Europe: Along the coastline of Greece and Turkey, stretching into Macedonia", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wildlife_of_Greece&oldid=988344851, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 12 November 2020, at 16:23. The cradle of many civilizations, the Mediterranean region has been host to humans for thousands of years. Wikipedia is a free online encyclopedia, created and edited by volunteers around the world and hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation. This category contains marine animals found in the Mediterranean Sea. Wildlife gardening in a mediterranean climate . For visitors to Cyprus, traveling from the colder but affluent northern Europe, the small island in the eastern Mediterranean seems a vestige of traditional Mediterranean values. Greece's rivers are brimming with aquatic wildlife too, with a diverse range of endemic freshwater fishes, around 160 species were listed in 2015 [14]. The Barbary stag (Cervus elaphus barbarus) is limited to portions of its former range in Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia. Eight species of sharks and rays have been listed on the four international conventions relevant to Mediterranean wildlife conservation, but only three species have received any protection as a result: white and basking sharks are protected in Croatian and European Community waters, while Malta and Croatia protect the giant devil ray. This climate has a profound influence on the vegetation and wildlife … The Mediterranean’s latin root, Mare Mediterraneum describes a ‘‘sea in the middle of the land”. It is a meeting point for birds of three continents, the southern limit for some species and the northern limit for others. The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Western and Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, and on the east by the Levant.Although the sea is sometimes considered a part of the Atlantic Ocean, it is usually referred to as a separate body of water. [4], The Mediterranean woodlands and forests were once home to several large mammals. The lands that border the Mediterranean Sea offer a wide variety of habitats that support many animal species. The Mediterranean forest can still boast of its reptiles and amphibians. The main portion of the ecoregion extends along the coastal plains and hills of the Maghreb, from near Agadir on the Atlantic coast of Morocco in the west to Sfax on the Gulf of Gabes in Tunisia. It has a Mediterranean climate, and is in the Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub biome. 'Gulf of Fars') is a mediterranean sea in Western Asia.The body of water is an extension of the Indian Ocean (Gulf of Oman) through the Strait of Hormuz and lies between Iran to the northeast and the Arabian Peninsula to the southwest. Most precipitation arrives during these months. The Persian Gulf (Persian: خلیج فارس ‎, romanized: Xalij-e Fârs, lit. Please only add photographs from the Mediterranean area In the tags section include order, family, common name, country and region (and class for fauna) as this will help when accessing pictures in the field. But half a million visitors each year make extraordinary demands on the infrastructure and nature of the island. Also present are the European rabbit and the European hare, the southern white-breasted hedgehog and the northern white-breasted hedgehog, the European mole, some ten species of shrew and around thirty species of rodent (squirrels, dormice, mice, rats and voles). [5] Wetland birds are well catered for by a number of Ramsar sites such as Lake Kerkini,[11] the Nestos Delta,[12] and the Evros Delta and their freshwater marshes, lakes, brackish lagoons, saltmarshes and mudflats.[13]. The natural vegetation consists of forests, woodlands, and shrublands. [2], The Mediterranean forests and woodlands surrounds the Mediterranean conifer and mixed forests ecoregion, which exists as a series of enclaves in the coastal Rif Mountains and interior Middle Atlas and High Atlas Morocco, the coastal Tell Atlas and eastern Saharan Atlas of Algeria, and the Kroumerie and Mogod ranges of Tunisia. It is a popular vacation spot. Conservation International has designated the Mediterranean basin as one of the world's biodiversity hotspots. World Wildlife Fund. And mixed forests ecoregion this area is mostly mountainous with a very long, convoluted,. Cyprus rose from the Sea in a Mediterranean climate, with the region and level... 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